Iron and steel is considered a heavy industry.

Question

Read the following statements carefully and choose the correct option:

Assertion (A): Iron and steel is considered a heavy industry.

Reason (R): It requires lightweight raw materials like cotton and rubber.

1. A. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
2. B. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. C. A is true, but R is false (Correct answer)
4. D. A is false, but R is true

Correct Answer

Option C — A is true, but R is false

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is A is true, but R is false.

Key Points

• Assertion is true. Iron and steel is the textbook heavy industry — it uses bulky raw materials, produces bulky output and is therefore called a basic industry, since its product feeds construction, machinery, transport and defence.
• Reason is false. Its raw materials are iron ore, coking coal, limestone, dolomite and manganese — all heavy and bulky. Cotton and rubber are light raw materials belonging to light industries such as textiles.
• Because the raw material is bulky and loses weight in processing, these plants are located near ore and coal fields, which is why India's belt runs through Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal.
• India is the world's second-largest crude steel producer, and TISCO at Jamshedpur (1907) was its first modern integrated plant.

Additional Information

• Industries are classified by raw material (agro-based, mineral-based), by size (small, medium, large), by ownership (public, private, joint, cooperative) and by weight of materials (heavy, light).
• Iron and steel is a basic or key industry because its output is the raw material for others — as are cement, aluminium and machine tools.
• India's major steel plants and their partners: Bhilai and Bokaro (USSR), Rourkela (Germany), Durgapur (UK) and Vishakhapatnam, the country's first shore-based plant.

प्रश्न (हिन्दी में)

निम्नलिखित कथनों को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़ें और सही विकल्प चुनें: अभिकथन (A): लोहा और इस्पात को एक भारी उद्योग माना जाता है। कारण (R): इसके लिए कपास और रबर जैसे हल्के कच्चे माल की आवश्यकता होती है।

1. A. A और R दोनों सत्य हैं, और R, A का सही स्पष्टीकरण है
2. B. A और R दोनों सत्य हैं, लेकिन R, A का सही स्पष्टीकरण नहीं है
3. C. A सत्य है, लेकिन R असत्य है
4. D. A असत्य है, लेकिन R सत्य है