Match List-I (Industrial Effluent) with List-II (Characteristics / Major Issues) and select the correct code:

Question

Match List-I (Industrial Effluent) with List-II (Characteristics / Major Issues) and select the correct code:

List-I

i. Textile

ii. Tannery

iii. Dairy

iv. Distillery

List-II

a. Salinity/Anaerobic

b. Nutrients/Fats

c. Colour/Dyes

d. Organics/Chromium

Choose the correct match:

1. A. i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a (Correct answer)
2. B. i-d, ii-c, iii-a, iv-b
3. C. i-c, ii-b, iii-d, iv-a
4. D. i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d

Correct Answer

Option A — i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is i-c, ii-d, iii-b, iv-a.

Key Points

• Each industry leaves a signature on its effluent:
  • i. Textile - c. Colour and dyes, with high TDS and variable pH from dyeing and bleaching.
  • ii. Tannery - d. Chromium and sulphide, with heavy solids and lime-driven alkalinity.
  • iii. Dairy - b. Nutrients and fats, giving high BOD from milk solids, fat and lactose.
  • iv. Distillery - a. Salinity and anaerobic treatment, spentwash being extremely strong, dark and acidic.

Additional Information

• Colour is the defining problem of textile effluent because dyes are engineered to resist fading, which is exactly what makes them resistant to biodegradation; removal usually needs adsorption, oxidation or membranes rather than biology alone.
• Dairy waste is highly biodegradable — its BOD/COD ratio is favourable — so it responds well to conventional biological treatment, but fats and oils must be removed first or they blind the aeration system.
• Distillery spentwash may carry a BOD of 40,000-50,000 mg/L, far beyond aerobic treatment, so it is digested anaerobically for biogas and then polished; its dark colour comes from melanoidins, which are notoriously persistent.
• Recognising these signatures is worth more than memorising numbers, since the same four industries recur across JKSSB and state engineering papers.