Match List-I (Section / Power) with List-II (Enactment / Context) and select the correct code:

Question

Match List-I (Section / Power) with List-II (Enactment / Context) and select the correct code:

List-I

i. Section-5 directions

ii. Category A/B classification

iii. CTO

iv. Ambient air monitoring

List-II

a. EPA-1986

b. EIA-2006

c. Water Act-1974

d. Air Act-1981

Choose the correct match :

1. A. i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d (Correct answer)
2. B. i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c
3. C. i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d
4. D. i-c, ii-a, iii-d, iv-b

Correct Answer

Option A — i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d.

Key Points

• Each power or requirement traces to one enactment:
  • i. Section-5 directions - a. EPA-1986. The power to issue binding directions, including closure.
  • ii. Category A/B classification - b. EIA-2006. Project categorisation under the notification.
  • iii. CTO - c. Water Act-1974. Consent to operate, granted by the SPCB.
  • iv. Ambient air monitoring - d. Air Act-1981.

Additional Information

• Consent to operate is in practice required under both the Water and Air Acts, since most industries discharge effluent and emit to air; this question pairs it with the Water Act as its original statutory source.
• Section 5 of the EPA is the single most examined provision in Indian environmental law, because it converts the Act's standard-setting powers into an immediately enforceable sanction.
• Keep clear the difference between clearance (project-level, one-time, under the EIA Notification) and consent (operational, renewable, under the Water and Air Acts) — this paper tests that distinction in several questions.
• Ambient monitoring under the Air Act feeds the National Air Quality Monitoring Programme and the NAAQS standards last revised in 2009.