The process of breaking down organic matter by micro-organisms is called

Question

The process of breaking down organic matter by micro-organisms is called

1. A. Respiration
2. B. Photosynthesis
3. C. Decomposition (Correct answer)
4. D. Fermentation

Correct Answer

Option C — Decomposition

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is Decomposition.

Key Points

• Decomposition is the process of breaking down of dead organic matter by micro-organisms. Micro-organisms called decomposers — mainly bacteria and fungi — break down dead plants, animals and organic wastes into simpler substances and nutrients, which are then returned to the soil.

Additional Information

• decomposition is a vital part of the nutrient cycle in nature, recycling nutrients like nitrogen and carbon back into the ecosystem and maintaining soil fertility.
• respiration releases energy within cells, photosynthesis makes food using sunlight, and fermentation is a specific anaerobic breakdown of sugars — so the general breakdown of organic matter by microbes is decomposition, option (C).