What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talke…

Science & Technology ·Previously asked in UPSC Civil Services Examination 2025

View the full solved paper: GS Paper I

Question

What is the common characteristic of the chemical substances generally known as CL-20, HMX and LLM-105, which are sometimes talked about in media?

  1. A. These are alternatives to hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants
  2. B. These are explosives in military weapons (Correct answer)
  3. C. These are high-energy fuels for cruise missiles
  4. D. These are fuels for rocket propulsion

Correct Answer

Option B — These are explosives in military weapons

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is These are explosives in military weapons.

Key Points

  • CL-20 (HNIW — hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane), HMX (cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine/octogen), and LLM-105 are all high-energy explosive compounds used in military warheads, bombs, and munitions.
  • They are among the most powerful conventional explosives known and are used in military applications for their high detonation velocity and energy density.