What is the term for a structured musical composition in Hindustani classical music?

Question

What is the term for a structured musical composition in Hindustani classical music?

1. A. Kriti
2. B. Bandish (Correct answer)
3. C. Gamaka
4. D. Rasa

Correct Answer

Option B — Bandish

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is Bandish.

Key Points

• A bandish is a fixed, structured composition in Hindustani classical music, set to a particular raga and taal, providing the framework a performer elaborates upon.
• Kriti is its Carnatic counterpart, so it belongs to the southern system rather than the northern one.
• Gamaka is an ornamental oscillation of a note, and rasa is the aesthetic emotion a performance evokes — neither is a composition.

Additional Information

• A bandish typically has two sections: the sthayi (in the lower register) and the antara (in the higher).
• The principal Hindustani vocal forms: Dhrupad (the oldest and most austere), Khayal (the most widespread today), Thumri, Tappa and Dhamar.
• Hindustani gharanas worth knowing: Gwalior (the oldest), Kirana, Jaipur-Atrauli, Agra and Patiala.
• The Carnatic tradition's Trinity — Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri — composed chiefly in the kriti form.

प्रश्न (हिन्दी में)

हिंदुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत में संरचित संगीत रचना के लिए क्या शब्द है?

1. A. कृति
2. B. बंदिश
3. C. गमका
4. D. रस