Which of the following foreign accounts provide contemporary evidence about the Vijayanagara Empire?

Question

Which of the following foreign accounts provide contemporary evidence about the Vijayanagara Empire?

I. Abdur Razzaq's writings

II. Domingo Paes' travel account

III. Ibn Battuta's Rihla

IV. Niccolo de Conti's travelogue

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

1. A. I, II and III only
2. B. I, II and IV only
3. C. II and III only
4. D. All four (Correct answer)

Correct Answer

Option D — All four

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is All four.

Key Points

• Foreign accounts on Vijayanagara: Abdur Razzaq (I, Persian ambassador, 1443) ✓, Domingo Paes (II, Portuguese traveller, early 16th c.) ✓, Ibn Battuta (III, Moroccan traveller, mid-14th c. — he visited South India during Vijayanagara's early period) ✓, Niccolo de Conti (IV, Italian merchant, early 15th c.) ✓.
• All four provide contemporary evidence.