Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from…

Question

Read the given statements and conclusions carefully. Assuming the statements to be true even if they seem to be at variance from commonly known facts, decide which conclusion(s) logically follow(s).

Statements: All Grapes are Berries. Some Berries are Juices. All Juices are Sodas.

Conclusions: (I) Some Berries are Grapes. (II) Some Sodas are Berries.

1. A. Only conclusion (I) follows
2. B. Only conclusion (II) follows
3. C. Both the conclusions (I) and (II) follow (Correct answer)
4. D. Both the conclusions (I) and (II) do not follow

Correct Answer

Option C — Both the conclusions (I) and (II) follow

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is Both the conclusions (I) and (II) follow.

Key Points

• 'All Grapes are Berries' converts to 'Some Berries are Grapes' — so (I) follows.
• 'Some Berries are Juices' + 'All Juices are Sodas' gives 'Some Berries are Sodas', which converts to 'Some Sodas are Berries' — so (II) follows.
• Both conclusions are valid.

Additional Information

• The rule is that a conclusion follows only if it is true in every diagram the statements permit — never merely in the most natural one.
• *All A are B* converts to *Some B are A*; *Some A are B* converts to *Some B are A*; *No A is B* converts fully to *No B is A*. *All* never converts to *All*.
• Chaining works only through a shared middle term: *Some Berries are Juices* + *All Juices are Sodas* gives *Some Berries are Sodas*, which then converts.