Match the following in the context of the Swadeshi Movement- Choose the correct option:

Question

Match the following in the context of the Swadeshi Movement-

Choose the correct option:

1. A. i-a, ii-c, iii-b, iv-d
2. B. i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c (Correct answer)
3. C. i-b, ii-a, iii-c, iv-d
4. D. i-a, ii-b, iii-c, iv-d

Correct Answer

Option B — i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c

Detailed Solution & Explanation

The correct answer is i-b, ii-a, iii-d, iv-c.

Key Points

• The correct matching is:

• Prafulla Chandra Ray, the chemist and author of *A History of Hindu Chemistry*, founded the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works in 1901 — a landmark in Indian industrial self-reliance.
• V.O. Chidambaram Pillai established the Swadeshi Steam Navigation Company at Tuticorin in 1906 to break the monopoly of the British India Steam Navigation Company, earning him the title "Kappalottiya Tamizhan" (the Tamil who launched a ship).
• Satish Chandra Mukherjee founded the Dawn Society (1902) and the Dawn magazine, promoting national education.
• Ashwini Kumar Datta organised the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti in Barisal, the most effective of the Swadeshi volunteer organisations, which reached deep into the villages.

Additional Information

• The Swadeshi Movement (1905–08) began as a response to Lord Curzon's partition of Bengal, announced in July 1905 and effective from 16 October 1905, observed as a day of mourning.
• Its principal methods:
  • Boycott of British goods, courts, schools and titles.
  • Swadeshi enterprise — textile mills, soap and match factories, tanneries, banks and insurance companies.
  • National education — the Bengal National College with Aurobindo Ghosh as principal, and the National Council of Education (1906).
  • Samitis as the organisational base, and the use of festivals and folk theatre for mass mobilisation.
• Rabindranath Tagore composed *Amar Sonar Bangla* during this period and introduced Raksha Bandhan as a symbol of Bengali unity.
• The partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911 at the Delhi Durbar, when the capital was also shifted from Calcutta to Delhi.